lud (lʌd)
"(Law) lord (in the phrase my lud, m'lud): used when addressing a judge in court
archaic an exclamation of dismay or surprise"
"Pakistan’s military, the most powerful institution in the country, is notoriously intolerant of dissent and for decades has been accused of using various agencies to carry out abductions, killings and disappearances of critics, though they deny the practice. "
"His captors made it clear that his political poetry, his activism and a recent post on social media calling for Pakistan’s powerful army chief to resign, were the reasons he had been picked up."
"Lud (Hebrew: לוּד Lūḏ)
was a son of Shem and grandson of Noah, according to Genesis 10 (the "Table of Nations"). "
"The descendants of Lud are usually, following Josephus, connected with various Anatolian peoples, particularly Lydia (Assyrian Luddu) and their predecessors, the Luwians; cf.
Herodotus' assertion (Histories i. 7) that the Lydians were first so named after their king, Lydus (Λυδός). However, the chronicle of Hippolytus of Rome (c. 234 AD) identifies Lud's descendants with the Lazones or Alazonii (names usually taken as variants of the "Halizones" said by Strabo to have once lived along the Halys) while it derives the Lydians from the aforementioned Ludim, son of Mizraim."
Some scholars have associated the Biblical Lud with the Lubdu of Assyrian sources, who inhabited certain parts of western Media and Atropatene.
"The Book of Jubilees, in describing how the world was divided between Noah's sons and grandsons, says that
Lud received "the mountains of Asshur and all appertaining to them till it reaches the Great Sea, and till it reaches the east of Asshur his brother" (Charles translation).
The Ethiopian version reads, more clearly "... until it reaches, toward the east, toward his brother Asshur's portion." Jubilees also says that Japheth's son Javan received islands in front of Lud's portion, and that Tubal received three large peninsulae, beginning with the first peninsula nearest Lud's portion.
In all these cases, "Lud's portion" seems to refer to the entire Anatolian peninsula, west of Mesopotamia.
10th century Muslim historian Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Masudi writes in his widely acclaimed historical book The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems that
Keyumars, the first king of Persia, was the son of Lud, son of Shem. "
"The Muslim historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (c. 915) recounts a tradition that the wife of Lud was named Shakbah, daughter of Japheth, and that with him she gave birth to "Faris, Jurjan, and the races of Persia."
He further asserts that Lud was the progenitor of not only the Persians, but also the Amalekites and Canaanites, and all the peoples of the East, Oman, Hejaz, Syria, Egypt, and Bahrain."
"Martin Luther was born on 10 November 1483 to Hans Luder (or Ludher, later Luther)
and his wife Margarethe (née Lindemann) in Eisleben, County of Mansfeld, in the Holy Roman Empire"
" Portraits of Luder's parents, Hans and Margarethe Luder, by Lucas Cranach the Elder in 1527"
'In 1501, at age 17, Martin entered the University of Erfurt, which he later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse. He was made to awaken at 4 a.m. for "a day of rote learning and often wearying spiritual exercises." He received his master's degree in 1505.
In accordance with his father's wishes, Luther enrolled in law but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law was an uncertain profession.
Luther instead sought assurances about life and was drawn to theology and philosophy, expressing interest in Aristotle, William of Ockham, and Gabriel Biel.
He was deeply influenced by two tutors, Bartholomaeus Arnoldi von Usingen and Jodocus Trutfetter, who taught him to
be suspicious of even the greatest thinkers
and to test everything himself by experience."
"Luther was ordained to the priesthood in 1507. He came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; in particular, he disputed the view on indulgences. Luther attempted to resolve these differences amicably, first proposing an academic discussion of the practice and efficacy of indulgences in Ninety-five Theses, which he authored in 1517. In 1520, Pope Leo X demanded that Luther renounce all of his writings, and when Luther refused to do so, excommunicated him in January 1521. Later that year, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V condemned Luther as an outlaw."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther
"Luther was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism.
He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in Western and Christian history."
___
"Johannes Hans Luder "Luther" (Luther)
Birthdate: 1491. (Columbus)
Death: 1558 (66-68)"
Emma Elizabeth Luderman May
(Great grandmother)
17 Feb 1974 (aged 91)
Caddo County, Oklahoma, USA
Henry Luderman. ( GG grandfather)
BIRTH 29, Jul 1847 Germany
"Apostasy
(/əˈpɒstəsi/; Greek: ἀποστασία, translit. apostasía, lit. "defection, revolt")
is the formal disaffiliation from, abandonment of, or renunciation of a religion by a person.
It can also be defined within the broader context of embracing an opinion that is contrary to one's previous religious beliefs.
One who undertakes apostasy is known as an apostate. Undertaking apostasy is called apostatizing (or apostasizing – also spelled apostacizing).
The term apostasy is used by sociologists to mean the renunciation and criticism of, or opposition to, a person's former religion, in a technical sense, with no pejorative connotation.
Occasionally, the term is also used metaphorically to refer to the
renunciation of a non-religious belief or cause, such as a political party, social movement, or sports team."
Defiance County.
Scottish British Dutch German
Nah, American Race
"The American sociologist David G. Bromley defined the apostate role as follows and distinguished it from the defector and whistleblower roles."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy
'Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society.
The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations.
By the 17th century, the term began to refer to physical (phenotypical) traits, and then later to national affiliations.
Modern science regards race as a social construct, an identity which is assigned based on rules made by society.
While partly based on physical similarities within groups,
race does not have an inherent physical or biological meaning. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)
"still used in general contexts, race has often been replaced by less ambiguous and/or loaded terms:
populations, people(s), ethnic groups, or communities, depending on context.
Its use in genetics was formally renounced by the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2023."
____
"chimps traded up to seven gestures in a row. In these exchanges, the apes typically took 120 milliseconds to respond to each other, similar to the average human conversational response time of 200 milliseconds.
“Chimpanzees use gestures in almost every aspect of their life,” said Badihi. Besides reconciling after a fight, she observed chimpanzees using gestures to avoid confrontation, to greet each other with a hug or kiss, to ask to share food and to indicate they wanted to travel together or go their separate ways. Grooming sessions were when most gestures took place."
"Writing in Current Biology, the researchers describe how the timing between exchanges hardly varied between chimps of different ages, but there were some variations between different communities, akin to the subtle cultural differences seen in humans. For example, gestures were exchanged more slowly in the Sonso chimp community in Uganda.
“In humans, it’s the Danish who are slower responders,” said Dr Catherine Hobaiter, a senior author on the study "
"rapid turn-taking could be a broader feature of social communication, and exist in other species such as whales, dolphins, bats and hyenas, the researchers add."
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