" Then called the Western Oil and Gas Association, the lobbying group provided $1.3m to the group in the 1950s – the equivalent of $14m today – to the Air Pollution Foundation.
That funding came from member companies including Shell and
firms later bought by or merged with ExxonMobil, BP, Chevron,
Sunoco and
ConocoPhillips,
as well as southern California utility SoCalGas.
The Air Pollution Foundation recruited the respected chemical engineer Lauren B Hitchcock to serve as its president.
And in 1954, the organization – which until then was arguing that households incinerating waste in backyards was to blame – asked Caltech to submit a proposal to determine the main source of smog."
"Hitchcock was reprimanded by industry leaders for these efforts.
In an April 1955 meeting, the Western Oil and Gas Association told him he was drawing too much “attention” to refinery pollution and conducting “too broad a program” of research.
The Air Pollution Foundation was meant to be “protective” of the industry and should publish “findings which would be accepted as unbiased”, meeting minutes uncovered by John show."
"The fossil fuel industry is often seen as having followed in the footsteps of the tobacco industry’s playbook for denying science and blocking regulation,” said Supran.
“But these documents suggest that big oil has been running public affairs campaigns to downplay the dangers of its products just as long as big tobacco, starting with air pollution in the early-to-mid-1950s. "
"Last year, the largest county in Oregon
sued the Western States Petroleum Association
for allegedly sowing doubt about the climate crisis
despite longstanding knowledge of it."
___
"Anadarko E&P Onshore LLC (“Anadarko”),
an oil and natural gas company headquartered in Houston, Texas, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Occidental , and an affiliate of Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc.
Anadarko has been a part of the Enid community since 2000 when we purchased
Union Pacific Resources,
which owned the Champlin Refinery property.
Although the Champlin Refinery closed 16 years prior to being acquired by Anadarko, our top priority has been, and continues to be, managing our Enid property responsibly and in compliance with all regulations.
Since 2000, Anadarko has worked closely with the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to address environmental impacts in the former Champlin Refinery area and continues working through the regulatory process. "
https://www.champlinrefinery.com/
"By Mr. Champlin's death in 1944, the company employed over 800 people in Enid
Following nine years of continued family ownership, the company went public in 1953.
It had several owners:
1954: Purchased by the Chicago Corporation for $55,000,000.
This parent company changed its name to Champlin Refining Company in 1956."
"The Champlin Refining Company, which for many years held the distinction of being the nation's largest fully integrated oil company under private ownership, was based at Enid, Oklahoma.
In 1916 Enid banker and entrepreneur Herbert Hiram Champlin (1868–1944) bought a lapsed oil lease on the Beggs farm in the fledgling Garber Field about fifteen miles east of Enid.
Champlin was reluctant to enter the new and highly speculative oil business, but at his wife's urging he agreed to invest twenty-five thousand dollars in the venture."
___
'At that time "creekology" was the accepted method of prospecting for oil. Creekology simply was the search for aboveground indications of oil, and the most obvious indications were natural seeps.
In 1878 the U.S. Geological Survey issued a publication detailing surface signs—streams that were coated with oil, natural gas seeps that rendered areas devoid of growth, tarry water that livestock refused to drink, and so forth. Oilmen quickly associated these signs with Oklahoma."
"Eventually, more than 350 oil pools were located in the Osage Nation. The most prolific was the Burbank Field, opened in May 1920.
Also in 1906 the final Osage roll of 2,229 tribal members was completed. Tribal land was allotted, but mineral rights were held in common.
Each member was entitled to one Osage headright, or one equal share of oil and natural gas royalty, and the money poured in. On one afternoon in 1924 Walters sold $10,888,000 worth of leases, with a single 160-acre lease bringing $1,990,000.
Such huge wealth occasioned an "Osage Reign of Terror," a series of crimes in which Osage headright holders were swindled and sometimes murdered for their share of royalty money."
"Just to the west of the Osage, Ernest W. Marland opened the Ponca City Field in 1911 when he completed the Willie Cries for War Number One on sacred Ponca land.
This strike attracted other wildcatters, and in 1917 the Garber Field was located. It proved to be one of the largest producers of high-grade crude during World War I.
However, when Marland discovered the Tonkawa or Three Sands Field in 1921, the oil legacy of north-central Oklahoma was assured, as was the future of
Marland Oil Company, the forerunner of Ponca City-based Conoco."
'Arguing that he was preserving the state's oil and gas resources for future generations Gov. William H. Murray ordered a prorationing program and sent the Oklahoma National Guard into the fields to force compliance in 1931 and 1932.
When the price of oil rose and the state legislature adopted a comprehensive oil code to control overproduction, the troops were removed.
In 1936 Gov. Ernest W. Marland declared martial law around the State Capitol in a dispute with Oklahoma City officials over drilling on state property."
"In 1943 Ace Gutowsky located the
West Edmond Field
using modern seismographic equipment.
In 1947 the discovery well of the Golden Trend, which includes twenty-two separate fields, was completed. The West Short Junction Field was opened in 1948.
However, beginning in the 1950s
the rate of depletion exceeded discoveries"
https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=PE023
https://journals.shareok.org/soonermagazine/article/download/8032/8031
"Large archive of letters written, bound, and presented to Harry W. Bass Sr. (1895-1970) on the occasion of his retirement from the presidency of the Texas Mid-Continent Oil & Gas Association at their 36th annual meeting in Dallas, 1955.
This immense volume gives some idea of his prominence and influence during the Texas oil boom of the first half of the 20th century. Harry Bass, a native of Oklahoma, got his start in banking which led to his investing in the oil and gas business there and in Texas in the 1920's.
He founded several companies including Champlin & Bass, Trinity Gas Corp., Goliad Corp., and Can-Tex drilling which operated in Alberta, Canada.
One of Bass's most important contributions to drilling operations came in
his development of the A-frame derrick. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_W._Bass_Sr.
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