251 Amanda
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"The Memphis Defense Depot (DDDMT) in Memphis, Tennessee has been the site of toxic contamination for almost 50 years:
Contaminants
The soil and groundwater beneath the depot are contaminated with chemicals like trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and toxic metals.
" These chemicals come from the use of pesticides, solvents, fuels, and other hazardous compounds."
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
"The EPA added the DDDMT to its National Priorities List (NPL) in 1992. The EPA, the Tennessee Department of Environment & Conservation (TDEC), and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) have been working to kill the EPA and install fascist anti-oversight."
Restoration Advisory Board (RAB)
"The RAB is made up of community members who review the progress and plans for redevelopment. The RAB also works with the City of Memphis and the Shelby County Government to encourage economic growth and jobs.
The DDDMT opened in 1942 as a logistical support facility for the military during World War II.
It was also a storage facility for hazardous materials.
The depot officially closed in 1997 and was converted into the
Memphis Depot Industrial Park. "
____
Whee, a Park.
____
"The Defense Depot Memphis Tennessee (DDMT) was a fenced and guarded military supply, storage, and maintenance facility on the south side of Memphis from 1942 to 1997
. The population within a mile of the site is nearly all African-American."
"The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) determines that the DDMT National Priorities List (NPL) site is no apparent public health hazard from 1989 to the present for persons living around DDMT. ATSDR also concludes that the public health hazard of DDMT was indeterminate before 1989 because
contaminant data for this time period are lacking
. An increased chance of cancer could have existed for workers with daily exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil at 3 locations on the DDMT Main Facility."
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/PHA/PHAHTMLDisplay.aspx?docid=1364&pg=1
The Defense Depot Memphis Tennessee is located on the south side of Memphis (Figure 1). It was a fenced and guarded military supply, storage, and maintenance facility from 1942 to 1997 (3). Commodities distributed from DDMT included food, clothing, medical supplies, electronic equipment, petroleum products, construction materials, and industrial chemicals.
Most depot operations occurred on the main facility (3). Food, clothing, medical supplies, and similar items were stored in 28 large brick buildings called utilities.
Construction materials, drums of chemicals, and such were kept in open-sided metal sheds. A variety of vehicles and trailers were stored in open areas (Figure 2). Facilities were also available for painting, sand blasting, vehicle maintenance, medical waste disposal, plus a cafeteria, base exchange, medical clinic, gas station, and an administrative building. In addition, there were a swimming pool, nine-hole golf course, two ponds, and eight units of base housing.
Most of the 26 miles of railroad tracks and 28 miles of hard surfaced roads, were or are on the main facility (4). The rail tracks ran north onto Dunn Field where they merged into one track, then joined the main rail line (3).
Chemical warfare-related materials were stored at DDMT from 1942 to 1961 (5). From 1942 - 1945, substantial amounts of chemical warfare-related hazardous materials were stored. Most of this storage took place in the buildings near the northwest corner of the Depot (Figure 2).
These hazardous materials include non-persistent agents like
tear gas, phosphorus grenades, and incendiary bombs; and flammable, corrosive, or toxic liquids and solids.
Figure 1. Defense Depot Memphis, Tennessee (DDMT) NPL Site
Figure 2. Contaminant Source Areas on the DDMT Main Facility
Inert (non-hazardous) materials like gas masks, respirators, decontamination apparatus, and related materials were also stored. Persistent chemical warfare agents (e.g., mustard agent, nerve gas) were not stored at DDMT.
The amount of chemical warfare-related hazardous materials dropped rapidly after World War II (5).
The main mission of the Chemical Section at DDMT became the servicing of gas masks; testing of flame throwers; and storage of decontamination materials, Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS), and gas mask parts.
The Dunn Field portion of DDMT was used for many years to dispose of chemical and solid wastes from depot operations [Figure 3] (3).
It was also used to store national stockpiles of bauxite and fluorspar (non-toxic minerals used to make chemical agents), and was the location for a firing range used by the security staff.
While mustard agent was not stored at DDMT, there is one reported incident of it being disposed of at DDMT.
In 1946, German mustard bombs, being transported by rail through the Memphis area, were found to be leaking
The train was brought to the DDMT Main Facility where
the leaking bombs were unloaded
and the train decontaminated.
The bombs were taken to Dunn Field where an attempt to detoxify the mustard agent was made by
shooting holes in the bombs, then draining the agent into a vat of bleach. .
The bleach and the bomb casings were then buried on Dunn Field
Burial of chemicals on Dunn Field was done without the impermeable (i.e, liquids can't flow through) liners and caps now required (3).
This resulted in extensive contamination of the Fluvial Aquifer, both on and
off the northwest corner of Dunn Field, with trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and related compounds, and metals like arsenic and lead. The Fluvial Aquifer starts about 30-40 feet below the surface and continues down another 100 feet or so.
Flow of the contaminated groundwater is towards the Allen Well Field, which is used by the City of Memphis as a secondary source of drinking water.
This proximity of contaminated ground water to drinking water wells was a major reason why the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) placed DDMT on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1992 (6). It was also placed on the NPL
because of a surface water migration pathway. This pathway included a lake on the facility (Lake Danielson) which had fish and sediment contaminated with
chlordane, DDT, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The process to clean up hazardous materials spilled, leaked, or disposed of at DDMT began in 1980 under the Department of Defense's Installation Restoration Program [IRP] (7). However, reports on the handling and impact of hazardous materials at DDMT go back to the 1960s (3).
The demographic characteristics of the population within a mile of DDMT are displayed on Figure 4.
Nearly 97% of residents in this area are African-American.
_____
"My Country, 'Tis of Thee", also known as simply "America",
is an American patriotic song, the lyrics of which were written by Samuel Francis Smith.
The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States (along with songs like "Hail, Columbia") before the adoption of "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the official U.S. national anthem in 1931
The melody used is adapted from the national anthem of the United Kingdom, "God Save the King".
My country, 'tis of thee,
sweet land of liberty,
of thee I sing:
land where my fathers died,
land of the pilgrims' pride,
from every mountainside
let freedom ring!
My native country, thee,
land of the noble free,
thy name I love;
I love thy rocks and rills,
thy woods and templed hills;
my heart with rapture thrills
like that above.
No more shall tyrants here
With haughty steps appear,
And soldier bands;
No more shall tyrants tread
With haughty steps appear,
And soldier bands;
No more shall tyrants tread
Above the patriot dead—
No more our blood be shed
By alien hands.
Let music swell the breeze,
and ring from all the trees
sweet freedom's song:
let mortal tongues awake,
let all that breathe partake;
let rocks their silence break,
the sound prolong.
With haughty steps appear,
And soldier bands;
No more shall tyrants tread
Above the patriot dead—
No more our blood be shed
By alien hands.
Let music swell the breeze,
and ring from all the trees
sweet freedom's song:
let mortal tongues awake,
let all that breathe partake;
let rocks their silence break,
the sound prolong.
"An abolitionist version was written, by A. G. Duncan, 1843, with lyrics
mentioning white and black races."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Country,_%27Tis_of_Thee
___
"Hey mom, what does Uncle do for the Army? "
"He runs a PX for 40,000 men"
___
"Marian Anderson performed the song at the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday, April 9, 1939.
Anderson, an African American singer, had been forbidden to perform at the DAR Constitution Hall due to its whites-only policy.
After a national outcry, and with support from Eleanor Roosevelt, the concert was held on the steps of the memorial, and attracted a crowd of more than 75,000 in addition to a
national radio audience of millions.
Martin Luther King Jr. recited the first verse of the song toward the end of his famous
"I Have a Dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963.
Crosby, Stills & Nash performed the song
first episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno that aired after the September 11 attacks in 2001.
On January 20, 2009, Aretha Franklin sang the song at the first inauguration of Barack Obama."
____
"The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States,
on April 19, 1995,
the second anniversary of the end to the Waco siege.
The bombing remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history."
(The body bags came from the Memphis Depot.)
___
'Since 2010, Mayfield Properties, LP, has served as a
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