Today it wilts

  

"During the boom, several Creek Indian land allotment owners became millionaires; Oklahoma became the world's largest oil producer for years;

 and the area benefited from the generation of more wealth than the California Gold Rush and Nevada Silver Rush combined,  

as well as the increased investment capital and industrial infrastructure the boom brought with it. 

The Glenn Pool Oil Reserve held an estimated 1 billion bbls of oil in place, with ultimate recoverable reserves of 400+ million bbls.

The field grew from 80 acres to 8,000 acres during the first year. By 1907, natural flowing oil production ranged from 18,000,000 barrels (2,900,000 m3) to 20,000,000 barrels (3,200,000 m3) per year 

Total field production by 1907 exceeded 43,520,000 barrels (6,919,000 m3), making Oklahoma that year the leading producer of oil 

 not only in the US, but any country in the world. 

 The area experienced a huge economic boom. Prices for basic goods and services, however, soared in the area 

As of 2019, the field has produced more than 340,000,000 barrels (54,000,000 m3) of oil."  

(He was an assistant city attorney in Okla. City. He was with Shell Oil in Tulsa '35-'45. ) 

'Cushing is a major trading hub for crude oil and a price settlement point for West Texas Intermediate on the New York Mercantile Exchange and is known as the "Pipeline Crossroads of the World." 

 

During the 1970s and 1980s refining operations continued in Cushing until the last two refineries, Kerr-McGee and Hudson, closed. Rail service ended in 1982. 

 As the oil fields started to run dry, starting in the 1940s, production and refining became less important.

The town retained a great asset in the Shell pipeline terminal, with 39 storage tanks and pipelines that could move as much as 1.5 million barrels a day.  

The maze of pipelines and tanks that had been built led to the NYMEX choosing 

 Cushing as the official delivery point

 for its light sweet crude futures contract in 1983." 

Crude oil tank farms around Cushing have over 90 million barrels of storage capacity. 

(While Cushing has maximum storage of about 90 million barrels across 15 terminals, working storage is closer to 76 million barrels, about 

 13% of total U.S. oil storage capacity.) 

Pipelines with connections at Cushing include:[9]

Basin Oil Pipeline, operated by Plains All American Pipeline, flows from Wichita Falls, Texas connecting various fields in Texas.

Centurion Pipeline, flows from Permian Basin fields in west Texas and southeast New Mexico.

Hawthorn Pipeline, operated by Hawthorn Oil Transportation, a 17-mile pipeline from Stroud, Oklahoma where a rail unloading facility receives oil from Stanley, North Dakota for EOG Resources.[10][11][12]

Glass Mountain Pipeline, operated by Rose Rock Midstream (Energy Transfer LP), flows from fields in west and north-central Oklahoma.

Great Salt Plains Pipeline, operated by JP Energy, flows from fields around Cherokee, Oklahoma, formerly owned by Parnon Gathering.[13][14]

Keystone Pipeline, operated by TransCanada, flows from Hardisty, Alberta (Canada) to an intermediary hub in Cushing to Port Arthur, Texas. It has a maximum capacity of 590,000 barrels per day (94,000 m3/d). Another Keystone termination is located at the oil tank farm near Patoka, Illinois.[15][16]

Mississippian Lime Pipeline, operated by Plains All American Pipeline, flows from fields in northern Oklahoma and southern Kansas.

PAA Medford Pipeline, operated by Plains All American Pipeline, from fields around Medford, Oklahoma.

Pony Express Pipeline, operated by Tallgrass Energy Partners, flows from fields around Guernsey, Wyoming. It connects to the Ponca City Refinery. It has a capacity of 230,000 barrels per day (37,000 m3/d) and capable of increasing to 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d).

Seaway Pipeline, a dual pipeline operated by Enbridge and Enterprise Products, flows out to Freeport, Texas. It has a maximum capacity of 850,000 barrels per day (135,000 m3/d).

SemCrude Pipeline System, operated by Rose Rock Midstream (Energy Transfer LP), flows from fields in Kansas and northern Oklahoma.

Spearhead Pipelines, operated by Enbridge, is a pipeline that flows from the Enbridge Mainline System near Flanagan, Illinois. It has a maximum capacity of 125,000 barrels per day (19,900 m3/d).[17] A second pipeline, Flanagan South, parallels the Spearhead. A third Enbridge pipeline connects to the Wood River Refinery in Roxana, Illinois.[18]

White Cliffs Pipeline, operated by Rose Rock Midstream, flows from fields around Platteville, Colorado. 

In October 2014 two moderate-sized earthquakes (Mw 4.0 and 4.3) struck south of Cushing, below one of the largest crude oil storage facility and gas pipeline transportation hubs in the world. The system also includes operational sections of the Keystone pipeline.[32]

On 6 November 2016, around 7:44 pm, a 5.0 MW earthquake rattled north-central Oklahoma. The quake was centered one mile west of Cushing.[6] It was the sixth 5.0 magnitude or higher to strike the state since 1882. Three of those larger quakes occurred in 2016, and the strongest ever recorded in Oklahoma was a 5.8 magnitude that hit Pawnee (25 miles from Cushing) in September 

The number of 3.0 magnitude quakes rose from 2 in 2008 to 889 in 2015, according to USGS statistics. In 2016, there have been 572 (up to November). 

 "The oil companies have said for a long time that these are natural earthquakes, that they would have occurred anyway," Choy said, "but when you look at the statistics, that argument does not fly" 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_industry_in_Cushing,_Oklahoma 

___ 

"Three years ago, Native Americans in Oklahoma rejoiced when the Supreme Court ruled that the eastern half of Oklahoma is on tribal land, and that the state could not bring criminal prosecutions for crimes on Indian land without the consent of the Indian tribes. 

 But on Wednesday, the court narrowed that decision, prompting an angry dissent from Justice Neil Gorsuch, the author of the 2019 decision, and an ardent proponent of Indian rights. 

In the aftermath of the court's 2019 decision, the state was no longer empowered to prosecute those accused of committing crimes on Indian territory.  

Only the tribal courts, or the federal government, could do that, and the tribal courts were generally not authorized to prosecute non-Indians. 

 According to the federal government, effect of that decision was a 400% increase in federal prosecutions from 2020 to 2021, with many people either not held accountable or receiving lighter sentences in plea deals. 

Chuck Hoskin, Jr., the principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, said that unlike previous governors, Stitt has been unwilling to work cooperatively with the tribes. 

Justice Gorsuch, who usually is part of the court's most conservative bloc, instead voted with the court's three liberals.  

In a scathing dissent, he recounted the famous decision, written by chief Justice John Marshall in 1832, which barred the state of Georgia from throwing some 100,000 Cherokee Indians off their land.  

The decision was for naught, though, because both Georgia and President Andrew Jackson flouted it, leading to the Indian Trail of Tears en route to newly designated Indian reservations west of the Mississippi River." 

As Gorsuch recounted the history, that 1832 decision, though defied at the time, came to be recognized as one of the Supreme Court's "finer hours," and for 200 years stood for the proposition that Native American tribes retain their sovereignty unless and until Congress ordains otherwise. 

 "Where this court stood firm then," Gorsuch said, 

 "today it wilts." 

https://www.npr.org/2022/06/29/1108717407/supreme-court-narrows-native-americans-oklahoma 

"The Sunrise Dance is a celebration of puberty endowing girls with blessings from God and their community. It is one of the few Apache rituals that has survived the Indigenous genocide that resulted in the death of as many as 15 million Native Americans over the last 500 years.

The dance is sacred both because of its origin and the spiritual impact it has on a girl’s life." 

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2024/jun/24/apache-students-school-reservation